Overview:

CMsiRNAdb is a manually curated database containing 43,153 siRNA patent entries, including 15,760 unique chemically modified sequences derived from 90 patents, 39 cell types, 36 specific modification types, and 13 target genes. It provides comprehensive data on both sense and antisense strand sequences (original and modified versions), experimental parameters (cell models, concentration, treatment duration), efficacy metrics (inhibition rate with standard deviation), and nucleotide-level modification annotations. The database integrates advanced visualization and analytical tools to explore correlations between chemical modification patterns and gene silencing activity. Designed as a one-stop solution for researchers, CMsiRNAdb enables efficient siRNA optimization through its structured data framework and intelligent analysis capabilities.

The homepage is displayed in the following Fig 1-1:

1. Main functions of the database are provided in menu bar form (boxed in red).

2. Introduction and overview for CMsiRNAdb.

3. Quick search for users.

The search page is displayed in Fig 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3:

Exact search:

1. Select exact search.

2. Select type of input keyword: four choices are provided (Modifications in sense strand/Modifications in antisense strand/Position in Sense strand/Position in Antisense strand).

3. Input a keyword corresponding to selected type.For details about the type of modification, please refer to Question 7

4. Select the cell type to filter the search (39 cell types are available for reference).

5. Select target gene to filter the search (13 genes: PNPLA3, HSD17B13, AGT, LPA, INHBE, PCSK9, APP, MAPT, MARC1, CTNNB1, ANGPTL3, PLN, MSTN).

6. Select Modification locations to filter the search (Include touch-ups in different positions: Phosphate, Base, Sugar/Phosphate, Base/Phosphate, Sugar/Phosphate/Base/Sugar).

Batch search:

1. Select batch search.

2. Select type of input keyword: three choices are provided (Modification Type/Target Gene/Patent ID).

3. Input list of keywords corresponding to selected type.

4. Select the cell type to filter the search (39 cell types are available for reference).

5. Select Modification locations to filter the search (Include touch-ups in different positions: Phosphate, Base, Sugar).

Blast search:

1. Select Blast search.

2. Enter the sequence information in FASTA format in the text box.

3. Click example to view an example.

Result page of Exact search and Batch search:

For the result page of Exact search and Batch search, all entries are listed with basic information including Patent ID, Target Gene, Cell Type, Modification sequence information(include sense strands and antisense strands), inhibition rate. Click more for more details

Fig 3-1:

1. Search keyword from the result table.

2. The result table (including Patent ID, Target Gene, Cell Type).

3. Click to link to Detail page.

Result page of Blast search:

For the result page of Blast search, all entries are listed with basic information including Patent ID, Target Gene, Cell Type, Modification sequence information(include sense strands and antisense strands), inhibition rate, start and end of the matched sequence of documented proteins and Bit-score.

Fig 3-2:

1. Search keyword from the result table.

2. The result table (including Patent ID, Target Gene, Cell Type).

3. Click to link to Detail page.

On the details page, you can view various details of the data, which are displayed in three categories: Patent Basic Information, Sequence Information, Chemical Modification Mapping Table.

Fig 4-1:

1. Patent Basic Information: including Patent ID, Authorization status, Accession number, Patent Title(Non-English titles are marked with []), Target Gene, Gene ID, Cell Type, Concentration, Time_of_administration, Inhibition and Standard deviation.

2. Sequence Information: including Raw Sense/Antisense strand, Chemically modification seuqence, sequence length, modification annotation information, Modification Component and Modification positions. The above information includes both the sense strands and the antisense strands

3. Chemical Modification Mapping Table: the Modification, Description and Category of the modification. The types of modifications present in the current sequence will be further annotated in the table

The siRNA sequence information was presented in the Browse page, Users can browse all the information by three filter ways: by Cell Type, by Modification Type and by Modification location.Selecting an option will filter based on the data that has already been displayed and return the data that meets the requirements

Fig 5-1:

1. Filter by Cell Type (39 cell types are available for reference).

2. Filter by Modification Type (A variety of combined chemical modification types are available).

3. Filter by Modification location (Include touch-ups in different positions: Phosphate, Base, Sugar).

4. The result table.

To empower researchers in deciphering nucleotide-specific chemical modification patterns, we developed ModMapper - an intelligent sequence analysis tool. This system employs advanced parsing algorithms to automatically deconstruct modification units at single-nucleotide resolution, providing:
1. Precise identification of chemical modification types
2. Cleavage position mapping
The interactive visualization interface enables rapid localization of target modifications. ModMapper delivers molecular-level insights critical for rational siRNA therapeutic design, significantly enhancing modification pattern analysis efficiency.

Fig 6-1:

1. Enter the original sequence information and the chemical modification sequence information in FASTA format in the text box on the right.

2. If there are rare types of groomes that require special attention, please fill them in the third text box, or you may not fill them out.

3. Click to Submit and wait for results.Batch analysis is supported.

Result page of ModMapper:

On the ModMapper analysis results page, we split the input chemical modification sequences by modification unit, gave detailed chemical modification annotation information on each nucleotide, and counted the sequence length, and for non-nucleotide modifications, we represented them as target groups.

Fig 6-2:

1. Position: The position of the nucleotide of this modifying unit in the original sequence.

2. Original sequence unit: Modification units in the input protochemical modification sequence.

3. Modification: Chemical modification annotation information.

4. Location: The localization of this chemical modification on a base or phosphate group or ribose.

5. Download All: Download all sequence information for analysis.

About Cm-siRPred:

Cm-siRPred is a specialized platform for cm-siRNA drug development, offering two core modules:
    1. ​Chemical Modification Design​ - Enables real-time dynamic design of chemical modifications
    2. ​Efficiency Prediction Streamlines batch processing of cm-siRNA sequences (FASTA) and modification patterns (SMILES)
This integrated solution accelerates rational design of RNA-based therapeutics through precision modification optimization and efficacy prediction capabilities.

Fig 7-1:

1. Hover your mouse over Cm-siRPred in the navigation bar to display drop-down boxes about the designer module and the prediction module, click Cm-siRPred to enter the introduction page of Cm-siRPred.

2. Click The chemical modification design moudle to enter the designer page of Cm-siRPred.

3. Click The cm-siRNA efficiency prediction moudle to enter prediction module page of Cm-siRPred.

   The designer module of Cm-siRPred

In the sequence design interface, you can select a unique chemical modification type for each base on the sense and antisense strands, support multiple chemical modification types on the same nucleotide, and our system will evaluate the inhibition efficiency score of this chemical modification combination after submission.

Fig 7-2:

1. Fill in the sequence information in FASTA format in the first text box, including the sense strands and the antisense strands.

2. Select the type of modification on each nucleotide on the sense and antisense strands, with support for multiple choices.

3. Click Submit to Server for analysis.

The results page will give you the inhibition rate score for the combination of chemical modification types you selected.

Fig 7-3:

1. ID of siRNA: The name of the sequence that is specified when the sequence is entered.

2. Sequence of siRNA: siRNA sequence information.

3. Chemical Modification of siRNA: Information about the selected chemical modification sequence.

4. Score: Inhibition rate score.

   the prediction module of Cm-siRPred

Our prediction module of Cm-siRPred enables you to efficiently evaluate the chemical modification sequences you have already designed.

Fig 7-4:

1. Enter the original sequence information and the chemical modification sequence information in FASTA format in the text box on the right.

2. If there are rare types of groomes that require special attention, please fill them in the third text box, or you may not fill them out.

3. Click to Submit and wait for results.Batch analysis is supported.

The results page will give you the inhibition rate score for the combination of chemical modification types you submitted.

Fig 7-5:

1. ID of siRNA: The name of the sequence that is specified when the sequence is entered.

2. Sequence of siRNA: siRNA sequence information.

3. Chemical Modification of siRNA: Information about the selected chemical modification sequence.

4. Score: Inhibition rate score.

CMsiRNAdb provide the download page for users. You can download all the sequence data information in the collected patents in the download page.
There is also the option to download patent data that contains only a certain targeted gene

CMsiRNAdb provide specific chemical modification annotation information for the collected chemical modification sequences.
This is shown in the table below.

Chemical Modification Mapping Table:

Modification	Description	Category
Am/mA/(mA)/a	2'-O-Methyladenosine	Sugar
Ams/mAs	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
Gms/mGs	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
Gfs	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
Cms/mCs/mcs	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
Um/mU/(mU)/u	2'-O-Methyluridine	Sugar
Ums/mUs	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
Gm/mG/(mG)/g	2'-O-Methylguanosine	Sugar
Cm/mC/(mC)/c	2'-O-Methylcytidine	Sugar
AmsEVP	5'-Vinyl-(E)-phosphonate-2'-methoxyadenosine-3'-phosphorothioate	Sugar, Phosphate
UmsEVP	5'-Vinyl-(E)-phosphonate-2'-methoxyuridine-3'-phosphorothioate	Sugar, Phosphate
Agna	Adenosine-glycol nucleic acid	Sugar
Cgna	Cytidine-glycol nucleic acid	Sugar
Ggna	Guanosine-glycol nucleic acid	Sugar
Tgna	Thymidine-glycol nucleic acid	Sugar
Ugna	Uridine-glycol nucleic acid	Sugar
(LNA-mC)	Locked Nucleic Acid in 2'-O-Methylcytidine	Sugar
(LNA-T)	Locked Nucleic Acid in Thymidine monophosphate	Sugar
(sLNA-T)	Phosphorothioate-Locked Nucleic Acid in Thymidine monophosphate	Sugar, Phosphate
(LNA-A)	Locked Nucleic Acid in Adenosine monophosphate	Sugar
(LNA-G)	Locked Nucleic Acid in Guanosine monophosphate	Sugar
(sLNA-G)	Phosphorothioate-Locked Nucleic Acid in Guanosine monophosphate	Sugar, Phosphate
(LNA-C)	Locked Nucleic Acid in Cytidine monophosphate	Sugar
(fA)/Af/fA	2'-Fluoroadenosine	Sugar
(fU)/Uf/fU	2'-Fluorouridine	Sugar
(fC)/Cf/fC	2'-Fluorocytidine	Sugar
(fG)/Gf/fG	2'-Fluoroguanosine	Sugar
dAs	2'-Deoxy-3'-Phosphorothioate adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
dTs	2'-Deoxy-3'-Phosphorothioate thymidine	Sugar, Phosphate
dCs	2'-Deoxy-3'-Phosphorothioate cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
dG(s)	2'-Deoxy-3'-Phosphorothioate guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
(invdT)	Reverse deoxythymidine	Sugar
(invdA)	Reverse deoxyadenosine	Sugar
Abs	Abasic-3'-Phosphorothioate	Sugar, Phosphate
Ab	Abasic	Sugar
AM	2'-Methoxyethyl adenosine	Sugar
CM	2'-Methoxyethyl cytidine	Sugar
UM	2'-Methoxyethyl uridine	Sugar
GM	2'-Methoxyethyl guanosine	Sugar
TM	2'-Methoxyethyl thymidine	Sugar
AMs	2'-Methoxyethyl-3'-Phosphorothioate adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
CMs	2'-Methoxyethyl-3'-Phosphorothioate cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
UMs	2'-Methoxyethyl-3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
GMs	2'-Methoxyethyl-3'-Phosphorothioate guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
TMs	2'-Methoxyethyl-3'-Phosphorothioate thymidine	Sugar, Phosphate
(invAb)	Inverted abasic	Sugar
(invAb)sc	Inverted abasic-2'-O-Methyl-5'-Phosphorothioate cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
(invAb)sa	Inverted abasic-2'-O-Methyl-5'-Phosphorothioate adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
AunA	Adenosine modified with Unlocked Nucleic Acid	Sugar
CunA	Cytidine modified with Unlocked Nucleic Acid	Sugar
GunA	Guanosine modified with Unlocked Nucleic Acid	Sugar
UunA	Uridine modified with Unlocked Nucleic Acid	Sugar
(GNA-T)	Ethylene Glycol Nucleic Acid Thymidine	Phosphate
(TNA-U)	(L)-α-threofuranosyl Uridine	Sugar
(MeO-I)	2'-O-Methylinosine	Sugar
(sMeO-I)	3'-Thiophosphate-2'-O-Methylinosine	Sugar, Phosphate
Ahd	2'-O-hexadecyl adenosine	Sugar
Uhd	2'-O-hexadecyl uridine	Sugar
Chd	2'-O-hexadecyl cytidine	Sugar
Ghd	2'-O-hexadecyl guanosine	Sugar
(Ahd)	2'-O-hexadecyl adenosine	Sugar
(Uhd)	2'-O-hexadecyl uridine	Sugar
(Chd)	2'-O-hexadecyl cytidine	Sugar
(Ghd)	2'-O-hexadecyl guanosine	Sugar
Aam	2'-O-N-Methylacetamide adenosine	Sugar
Tam	2'-O-N-Methylacetamide thymidine	Sugar
Cam	2'-O-N-Methylacetamide cytidine	Sugar
Gam	2'-O-N-Methylacetamide guanosine	Sugar
(-)hmpNA(A)	(R)-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-4'-thioadenosine	Sugar
(-)hmpNA(U)	(R)-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-4'-thio-5-methyluridine	Sugar
(-)hmpNA(G)	(R)-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-4'-thioguanosine	Sugar
(-)hmpNA(C)	(R)-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-4'-thiocytidine	Sugar
mA*S	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate in the Sp configuration adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
mU*S	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate in the Sp configuration uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
mC*S	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate in the Sp configuration cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
mG*S	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate in the Sp configuration guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
mA*R	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate in the Rp configuration adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
mU*R	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate in the Rp configuration uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
mC*R	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate in the Rp configuration cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
mG*R	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate in the Rp configuration guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
fA*S	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate in the Sp configuration adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
fU*S	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate in the Sp configuration uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
fC*S	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate in the Sp configuration cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
fG*S	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate in the Sp configuration guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
fA*R	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate in the Rp configuration adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
fU*R	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate in the Rp configuration uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
fC*R	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate in the Rp configuration cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
fG*R	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate in the Rp configuration guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
aF	2'-Fluoroadenosine	Sugar
cF	2'-Fluorocytidine	Sugar
uF	2'-Fluorouridine	Sugar
gF	2'-Fluoroguanosine	Sugar
aM	2'-O-Methyladenosine	Sugar
uM	2'-O-Methyluridine	Sugar
cM	2'-O-Methylcytidine	Sugar
gM	2'-O-Methylguanosine	Sugar
aF*	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
cF*	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
uF*	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
gF*	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
fAs	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
fCs	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
fUs	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
fGs	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
mA*	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
mU*	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
mC*	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
mG*	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
fA*	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
fC*	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
fU*	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
fG*	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
mA(s)	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
mU(s)	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
mC(s)	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
mG(s)	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
fAps	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
fCps	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
fUps	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
fGps	2'-Fluoro-3'-Phosphorothioate guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
mAps	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
mUps	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
mCps	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
mGps	2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
mA*dQ	Inverted abasic deoxyribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
mU*dQ	Inverted abasic deoxyribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
mC*dQ	Inverted abasic deoxyribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
mG*dQ	Inverted abasic deoxyribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
(ccBPmU)ps	5'-O-Cyclopentylcarbamoyl-Pseudouridine-5'-Monophosphate-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
As	3'-Phosphorothioate adenosine	Phosphate
Cs	3'-Phosphorothioate cytidine	Phosphate
Gs	3'-Phosphorothioate guanosine	Phosphate
Us	3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Phosphate
Ts	3'-Phosphorothioate thymidine	Phosphate, Base
p-a	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
p-c	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
p-g	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
p-u	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
P-u	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
P-Uf	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-Fluoro uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
cPrpTMs	Cyclopropyl Phosphonate-2'-Methoxyethyl-3'-Phosphorothioate thymidine	Sugar, Phosphate
cPrpus	Cyclopropyl Phosphonate-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
PlmUs	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
PlmAs	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
PlmCs	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
PlmGs	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
Plus	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
Plas	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
Plcs	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
Plgs	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
(Phos)	5'-Phosphate ribose	Phosphate
(Phos)us	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
(Phos)as	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
(Phos)cs	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
(Phos)gs	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
(Phosphate)us	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
(Phosphate)as	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate adenosine	Sugar, Phosphate
(Phosphate)cs	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate cytidine	Sugar, Phosphate
(Phosphate)gs	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate guanosine	Sugar, Phosphate
Pl-Ums	5'-Phosphate ribose-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
Ps-Ums	Phosphorothioate-2'-O-Methyl-3'-Phosphorothioate uridine	Sugar, Phosphate
MePhosphonate-4O-mUs	2'-O-methyl-4'-O-methylene phosphonate-uridine	Phosphate, Sugar
(moa)	2'-O-Methyladenosine	Sugar
(mou)	2'-O-Methyluridine	Sugar
(moc)	2'-O-Methylcytidine	Sugar
(mog)	2'-O-Methylguanosine	Sugar
Tmoe	2'-Methoxyethyl thymidine	Sugar
Umoe	2'-Methoxyethyl uridine	Sugar
Cmoe	2'-Methoxyethyl cytidine	Sugar
Gmoe	2'-Methoxyethyl guanosine	Sugar
Y1	Y1
I	2'-Methoxy hypoxanthine	Sugar, Base
(a2N)	2'-O-Methyl-2'-aminoadenosine	Sugar, Base
(GLY-Ac)	Abasic	Sugar
(GLY-iBu)	Abasic	Sugar
ademA-GalNAc	2'-O-methyladenosine-N-acetylgalactosamine	Sugar
(C6NH-L4U)/(C6NH-L15U)/(C6NH-L16U)/(C6NH-L17U)/(C6NH-L18U)/(C6NH-L19U)/(C6NH-L20U)	(C6NH-L4U)/(C6NH-L15U)/(C6NH-L16U)/(C6NH-L17U)/(C6NH-L18U)/(C6NH-L19U)/(C6NH-L20U)	Sugar
(J2-CONC16A)/(J2-CONC16U)/(J2-CONC16C)	(J2-CONC16adenosine)/(J2-CONC16uridine)/(J2-CONC16cytidine)	Sugar
H1*/H2*/H4*/H7*/H9*/Hd*	H1/H2/H4/H7/H9/Hd-Phosphorothioate	Phosphate
(GalNAc3K2AhxC6)	N-Acetylgalactosamine-triantennary-2-keto-2-azidohexanoic acid-C6	Sugar
(sGalNAc3K2AhxC6)	Triantennary N-Acetylgalactosamine-triantennary-2-keto-2-azidohexanoic acid-C6	Sugar
(sGalNAc3)	N-acetyl-galactosamine	Sugar
(GalNAc3)	N-acetyl-galactosamine	Sugar
GalNAc(L96)	N-[tris(GalNAc-alkyl)-amidodecanoyl)]-4-hydroxyprolinol(Hyp-(GalNAc-alkyl)3)	Sugar
-TriGalNAc	N-[tris(GalNAc-alkyl)-amidodecanoyl)]-4-hydroxyprolinol(Hyp-(GalNAc-alkyl)3)	Sugar
L96	N-[tris(GalNAc-alkyl)-amidodecanoyl)]-4-hydroxyprolinol(Hyp-(GalNAc-alkyl)3)	Sugar
(C11-PEG3-NAG3)	C11-Polyethylene Glycol Tri-N-Acetylglucosamine	Sugar
(PAZ)	Piwi/Argonaute/Zwille domain	Phosphate
(C6-SS-Alk-Me)	C6-SS-Alkyl-Methyl	Sugar
(Chol-TEG)	Cholesterol-Triethylene Glycol	Phosphate
(Chol4)	Cholesterol-Triethylene Glycol	Phosphate
ps(Chol4)	3'-Phosphorothioate-Cholesterol-Triethylene Glycol	Phosphate
NAG37s-IBs-	NAG37s-IBs	Phosphate
IB(-NAG0052')	IB(-NAG0052')	Phosphate
-IB	IB	Phosphate
(-NAG0052')	(-NAG0052')	Phosphate
L025L025	Lipophilic Linker-025 Dimer	Phosphate
-LLL	L-shaped ligand	Phosphate
-SSS	S-shaped ligand	Phosphate
Mod001L001	Mod001L001	Phosphate
Y44	2'-Hydroxymethyl-Tetrahydrofuran-5'-Phosphate	Phosphate
z*	Targeting group-3'-Phosphorothioate	Phosphate
(GalNAc3)s	GalNAc3-Phosphorothioate	Phosphate